BS in Biological Sciences
Degree Program Description
Biology is a broad field centered on the study of living organisms and processes. While the degree program requires general education courses in behavioral sciences, social sciences, and the humanities, students can specialize their curriculum through their course selections. The main difference between the BS degree and the BA degree is that the BS degree requires more credit hours in biology, chemistry, physics, and math than the BA degree. The curriculum for the BS degree currently has the option of completing a foreign language sequence or substituting one of two tracks for the foreign language requirement. Some of the knowledge that students acquire includes basic sciences necessary for upper-level biological science coursework (i.e., mathematics, statistics, physics, general and organic chemistry), how biologists use mathematical modeling and simulation to describe living systems, and arguments employed by scientists and others in key ethical controversies in biological science and research (for example, stem cell research). This degree is designed to prepare students for graduate study, professional schools, or direct entry into the workplace. Undergraduates majoring in biological sciences go on to careers in a wide range of fields, including medicine and other health professions, biotechnology, industry, government service, conservation and ecology, and secondary and higher education.
Major Program Requirements
The following degree requirements must be completed in addition to University, general education, and College of Arts and Science requirements, students must also meet the following major program requirements. All major requirements in the College of Arts and Science must be completed with grades of C- or higher unless otherwise indicated.
Requirements
Requirements for the BA and BS degrees with a major in Biological Sciences include course work in biology and related science departments (chemistry, physics and math). The BS degree program requires more extensive course work, with additional studies in biology and the related sciences. The BA degree program is more flexible and has fewer required courses to accommodate students with dual degrees or minors in other departments. Both degree programs can be used to prepare for graduate study or professional school. Students must also complete college and university graduation requirements, including university general education requirements.
All courses in the major (including related sciences) must be completed with a grade of C- or higher with a cumulative GPA of 2.0 or higher. (Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory grading is not acceptable for courses in the major.)
| Major Core Requirements Biology | ||
| Introduction to Biological Systems with Laboratory | ||
| General Principles and Concepts of Biology and General Biology Laboratory | ||
or BIO_SC 1200 | General Botany with Laboratory | |
(Grades of B- or higher required for BIO_SC 1010/BIO_SC 1020) | ||
| BIO_SC 2200 | General Genetics | 4 |
| BIO_SC 2300 | Introduction to Cell Biology | 4 |
| Evolutionary Biology (select from): | 3 | |
| Evolution and Ecology | ||
| Evolution | ||
| Biological Diversity (select from): | 3-5 | |
| Medical Microbiology and Immunology | ||
| Plant Systematics | ||
| Vertebrate Biology | ||
| Invertebrate Zoology | ||
| Herpetology | ||
| Biology of Fungi | ||
| Introductory Entomology | ||
| General Microbiology | ||
| Ornithology | ||
| Ichthyology | ||
| Mammalogy | ||
| Capstone course (select one) (complete in last 45 hours): | 3-5 | |
| Undergraduate Research in Biology and Undergraduate Research in Biology | ||
| Honors Research in Biology and Honors Research in Biology | ||
| Developmental Biology | ||
| Molecular Biology | ||
| Cancer Biology | ||
| Human Inherited Diseases | ||
| Molecular Ecology | ||
| Mammalian Reproductive Biology | ||
| Nerve Cells and Behavior | ||
| Vertebrate Histology and Microscopic Anatomy | ||
| Senior Seminar | ||
Degree Requirements
| Related Science Requirements | ||
| CHEM 1400 & CHEM 1401 | College Chemistry I and College Chemistry I Laboratory | 4 |
| CHEM 1410 & CHEM 1411 | College Chemistry II and College Chemistry II Laboratory | 4 |
| CHEM 2100 | Organic Chemistry I | 3 |
| CHEM 2110 | Organic Chemistry II | 3 |
| CHEM 2130 | Organic Laboratory I | 2 |
| One of the following physics sequences | 8-10 | |
| PHYSCS 1210 & PHYSCS 1220 | College Physics I and College Physics II | 5-8 |
| or PHYSCS 2750/2760 | University Physics I | |
| One semester of calculus and one semester of statistics, selected from the following: | 5-6 | |
| MATH 1400 | Calculus for Social and Life Sciences I | 3-5 |
| or MATH 1500 | Analytic Geometry and Calculus I | |
| STAT 1200 | Introductory Statistical Reasoning | 3 |
| or STAT 2500 | Introduction to Probability and Statistics I | |
No more than 5 credits of introductory coursework (BIO_SC 1010, BIO_SC 1020, BIO_SC 1030, BIO_SC 1100, BIO_SC 1200, and BIO_SC 1500) may be included in the major. At least 12 hours of biology coursework must be taken in residence at MU.
Electives
All biology majors must take additional biology courses to total at least 33 credits for the BS degree, of which at least 16 credits must be at the 3000 level or higher.
Elective credits must be in formal courses numbered above 2000 and must include at least one 3000- or 4000-level laboratory course, one 4000-level course, and one WI course at the 3000- or 4000-level in a natural science. In addition to the biological diversity and capstone courses listed above, the following courses may be used as elective credit:
| BIO_SC 3002 | Topics in Biological Sciences - Biological Sciences | 1-3 |
| BIO_SC 3040 | Genetic Engineering: Miracle for Humanity or New Pathway to Eugenics? | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3050 | Genetics and Society | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3060 | Science and Society: Past, Present and Future | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3075 | The Human Microbiome | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3210 | Plant Systematics | 4 |
| BIO_SC 3240 | Vertebrate Biology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3260 | Invertebrate Zoology | 4 |
| BIO_SC 3360 | Herpetology | 3-4 |
| BIO_SC 3400 | Evolution and Ecology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3510 | Biology of Fungi | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3650 | General Ecology | 5 |
| BIO_SC 3700 | Human Physiology | 5 |
| BIO_SC 3710 & BIO_SC 3715 | Introductory Entomology and Insect Diversity | 5 |
| BIO_SC 3750 | General Microbiology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3760 | Microbiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIO_SC 3780 | Genetics Laboratory | 2 |
| BIO_SC 4002 | Topics in Biological Science - Biological Science | 1-3 |
| BIO_SC 4320 | Molecular Plant Physiology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4400 | Plant Anatomy | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4500 | Neurobiology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4590 | Computational Neuroscience | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4600 | Evolution | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4640 | Behavioral Biology | 3-4 |
| BIO_SC 4642 | Animal Communication | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4950 & BIO_SC 4952 | Undergraduate Research in Biology and Undergraduate Research in Biology | 2-6 |
| BIO_SC 4972 | Developmental Biology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4974 | Molecular Biology Laboratory | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4976 | Molecular Biology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4978 | Cancer Biology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4982 | Human Inherited Diseases | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4983 | Molecular Ecology | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4984 | Mammalian Reproductive Biology | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4988 | Nerve Cells and Behavior | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4990 | Vertebrate Histology and Microscopic Anatomy | 5 |
| BIO_SC 4994 | Senior Seminar | 3 |
| BIOCHM 4270 | Biochemistry | 3 |
| BIOCHM 4272 | Biochemistry | 3 |
| F_W 2600 | Ornithology | 5 |
| F_W 2700 | Ichthyology | 4 |
| F_W 3660 | Mammalogy | 4 |
| MICROB 3200 | Medical Microbiology and Immunology | 4 |
List of 3000/4000 level lab courses.
| BIO_SC 3210 | Plant Systematics | 4 |
| BIO_SC 3260 | Invertebrate Zoology | 4 |
| BIO_SC 3360 | Herpetology | 3-4 |
| BIO_SC 3510 | Biology of Fungi | 3 |
| BIO_SC 3650 | General Ecology | 5 |
| BIO_SC 3700 | Human Physiology | 5 |
| BIO_SC 3710 & BIO_SC 3715 | Introductory Entomology and Insect Diversity | 5 |
| BIO_SC 3760 | Microbiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIO_SC 3780 | Genetics Laboratory | 2 |
| BIO_SC 4400 | Plant Anatomy | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4590 | Computational Neuroscience | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4640 | Behavioral Biology | 3-4 |
| BIO_SC 4974 | Molecular Biology Laboratory | 3 |
| BIO_SC 4983 | Molecular Ecology | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4990 | Vertebrate Histology and Microscopic Anatomy | 5 |
| F_W 3660 | Mammalogy | 4 |
| The following two courses satisfy the lab requirement if taken for 4 credit hours. | ||
| BIO_SC 3260 | Invertebrate Zoology | 4 |
| BIO_SC 4640 | Behavioral Biology | 4 |
Students completing research courses (BIO_SC 2950, BIO_SC 4950, BIO_SC 4950H, BIO_SC 4952, or BIO_SC 4952H) for 6 credits may apply 3 credits toward fulfillment of capstone or biology elective hours for the BS degree.
Students may repeat readings, internships, problems, or research courses for a total of 18 hours. Any credits remaining after 3 hours are used as a capstone or an elective in biology will be applied toward total hours to graduate. A maximum of 18 credit hours from the following courses (BIO_SC 2940, BIO_SC 2950, BIO_SC 2960, BIO_SC 2965H, BIO_SC 4085, BIO_SC 4950, BIO_SC 4950H, BIO_SC 4952 and BIO_SC 4952H) can be counted toward graduation.
Second Language Alternative (SLA) for students pursuing a BS degree in biological sciences
Students may opt to satisfy the second language requirement through alternative coursework consisting of at least 12 credits in courses numbered 2000 or above. These courses may not be used to satisfy other degree requirements. Students should confer with the Biology Advising Office to ensure that alternative courses meet departmental requirements. All alternative courses must be approved by the Director of Undergraduate Studies.
| Second Language Alternative (choose one option) | ||
| Environmental and Conservation Biology | ||
| AN_SCI 3213 | Genetics of Agricultural Plants and Animals | 3 |
| AN_SCI 4323 | Applied Livestock Genetics | 3 |
| AN_SCI 4324 | Genomics of Plants and Animals | 3 |
| ANTHRO 4320 | Ecological and Environmental Anthropology | 3 |
| ENV_SC 2600 | Sustainability Foundations: An Introduction to Sustainability | 3 |
| ENV_SC 3400 | Water Quality and Natural Resources Management | 3 |
| ENV_SC 4024 | Foundations of Environmental Education | 3 |
| ENV_SC 4051 | Environmental Art | 3 |
| ENV_SC 4100 | Lake Ecology | 3 |
| ENV_SC 4200 | Stream Ecology and Hydrology | 3 |
| ENV_SC 4320 | Hydrologic and Water Quality Modeling | 3 |
| ENV_SC 4400 | Environmental Law, Policy, and Justice | 3 |
| F_W 2900 | Principles of Wildlife Management | 4 |
| F_W 3600 | Introduction to Conservation Biology | 3 |
| F_W 4200 | Urban Wildlife Conservation | 3 |
| F_W 4300 | Fisheries Management | 3 |
| F_W 4600 | Ecosystem Management | 3 |
| F_W 4650 | Natural Resource Planning and Management | 4 |
| FOREST 2151 | Dendrology | 4 |
| FOREST 4320 | Forest Ecology | 5 |
| FOREST 4390 | Watershed Management and Water Quality | 3 |
| GEOG 2610 | Climate, Landforms and Vegetation: Introduction to Physical Geography | 3 |
| GEOG 2660 | Environmental Geography | 3 |
| GEOG 3040 | Introduction to Geographic Information Systems GIS | 3 |
| GEOG 3610 | Physical Geography of the United States | 3 |
| GEOG 4620 | Biogeography: Global Patterns of Life | 3 |
| GEOG 4810 | Landscape Ecology and GIS Analysis I | 3 |
| HIST 4440 | History of the American Environment | 3 |
| NAT_R 2325 | Introduction to Geographic Information Systems | 3 |
| PHIL 2900 | Environmental Ethics | 3 |
| PLNT_SCI 4500 | Biology and Pathogenesis of Plant-Associated Microbes | 4 |
| SOIL 2100 | Introduction to Soils | 3 |
| SOIL 2106 | Soil Science Laboratory | 2 |
| SOIL 3290 | Soils and the Environment | 3 |
| PRST 4260 | Sustainable Tourism | 3 |
| Medicine, Health and Society | ||
| ANTHRO 2050 | Introduction to Biological Anthropology with Laboratory | 5 |
| ANTHRO 2500 | Primate Anatomy and Evolution | 3 |
| ANTHRO 2580 | Evolution of Human Sexuality | 3 |
| ANTHRO 3560 | Plagues and Peoples | 3 |
| ANTHRO 4360 | Medical Anthropology | 3 |
| ANTHRO 4540 | Human Biological Variation | 3 |
| ANTHRO 4580 | Evolutionary Medicine | 3 |
| ANTHRO 4890 | Human Skeletal Identification and Analysis | 5 |
| BIOCHM 4272 | Biochemistry | 3 |
| BIOMED 2110 | Biomedical Terminology | 3 |
| CDS 2190 | Medical Terminology | 3 |
| CHEM 2140 | Organic Laboratory II | 2 |
| CHEM 2400 | Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry with Lab | 3 |
| CHEM 3200 | Quantitative Methods of Analysis with Lab | 4 |
| F_S 2172 | Elements of Food Microbiology | 3 |
| F_S 4370 | Food Microbiology | 3 |
| HIST 3550 | Science and Medicine in Ancient and Medieval Europe | 3 |
| HLTH_SCI 2400 | Contemporary Health Issues | 3 |
| HLTH_SCI 3800 | Holistic Health Systems for the Health Professions | 3 |
| HLTH_SCI 3700 | Health Care in the United States | 3 |
| HLTH_SCI 4430 | Health Care Across the Lifespan | 3 |
| MICROB 4304 | Immunology for Health Professions | 3 |
| MPP 4204 | Medical Pharmacology | 4 |
| NEP 2222 | Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Obesity | 3 |
| NEP 2340 | Human Nutrition I | 3 |
| NEP 2380 | Diet Therapy for Health Professionals | 3 |
| NEP 2450 | Nutrition Throughout the Life Span | 3 |
| NEP 2460 | Eating Disorders | 3 |
| NEP 3450 | Activity Throughout the Lifespan | 3 |
| NEP 4400 | Pathophysiology of Diseases Affecting Metabolic Health | 3 |
| PHIL 2440 | Medical Ethics | 3 |
| PHIL 4400 | The Nature of Scientific Inquiry | 3 |
| P_HLTH 2200 | Introduction to Public Health and Health Promotion | 3 |
| P_HLTH 3310 | Social and Behavioral Health Theory and Practice | 3 |
| P_HLTH 4350 | Principles of Environmental Health for Public Health | 3 |
| P_HLTH 4485 | Ethics in Public Health | 3 |
| PSYCH 3830 | Health Psychology | 3 |
| PTH_AS 2201 | Human Anatomy Lecture | 3 |
| PTH_AS 2203 | Human Anatomy Laboratory | 2 |
| PTH_AS 4220 | Forensic Pathology and Death Investigation | 2 |
| SOCIOL 3440 | Sociology of Health | 3 |
| WGST 2050 | Gender and Public Health | 3 |
| WGST 4600 | Women and Health | 3 |
| V_PBIO 3345 | Fundamentals of Parasitology | 3 |
| V_PBIO 3551 | Introduction to Immunology I | 3 |
| V_PBIO 3554 | Introduction to Virology | 3 |
| V_PBIO 3554 | Introduction to Virology | 3 |
| V_PBIO 3600 | Bacterial Genetics and Genomics | 3 |
| V_PBIO 3658 | Public Health Microbiology | 3 |
Semester Plan
NOTE: These plans are intended only as general guides. Courses outside Biology and Chemistry are provided only for illustrative purposes. Advanced credit or exemption from the Foreign Language requirement and/or advanced credit in non-science courses, along with the interests of each individual student will determine a final combination of courses in each semester that is unique for each student. Note also that the sample schedules in Semester 5 and beyond are left incomplete on purpose because each schedule should be highly individualized at that point.
Plan 1
A student that is exempt from MATH 1100
| First Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| CHEM 1400 & CHEM 1401 | 4 | CHEM 1410 & CHEM 1411 | 4 |
| ENGLSH 1000 | 3 | BIO_SC 1500 | 5 |
| Behavioral Sciences Course | 3 | Humanities Course (2000 level)** | 3 |
| Social Sciences Course (MO State Law) | 3 | Social Science Course** | 3 |
| Elective | 1-2 | ||
| 14-15 | 15 | ||
| Second Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| CHEM 2100 | 3 | CHEM 2110 | 3 |
| BIO_SC 2200 | 4 | CHEM 2130 | 2 |
| STAT 1200 | 3 | BIO_SC 2300 | 4 |
| Second language I or Second Language Alternative | 3-4 | MATH 1400*See Grad Plan for Mathematical Sciences Option | 3 |
| Elective | 1-2 | Second language II or Second Language Alternative | 3-4 |
| 14-16 | 15-16 | ||
| Third Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| Biology Elective Lab (3000 level) | 5 | PHYSCS 1220 | 4 |
| PHYSCS 1210 | 4 | Biology Elective | 3 |
| Second language III or Second Language Alternative | 3-4 | Behavioral Science | 3 |
| Elective | 3 | Humanities (2000 Level) | 3 |
| 15-16 | 13 | ||
| Fourth Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| Biology Capstone | 3 | Biology Elective- Writing Intensive | 3 |
| Biology Diversity | 4 | Evolutionary Biology | 3 |
| Social Science (2000 level) | 3 | Humanities | 3 |
| Humanities | 3 | Elective/FLA | 3 |
| Writing Intensive Elective | 3 | Elective | 3 |
| 16 | 15 | ||
| Total Credits: 117-122 | |||
- **
Could meet A&S Diversity Intensive Requirement (3 hrs).
Plan 2
A student that needs MATH 1100
| First Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| BIO_SC 1500 | 5 | CHEM 1400 & CHEM 1401 | 4 |
| MATH 1100 | 3 | ENGLSH 1000 | 3 |
| Behavioral Sciences Course | 3 | Humanities Course (2000 level)** | 3 |
| Social Sciences Course (MO State Law) | 3 | Social Sciences Course** | 3 |
| Elective | 1 | Elective | 1-2 |
| 15 | 14-15 | ||
| Second Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| CHEM 1410 & CHEM 1411 | 4 | CHEM 2100 | 3 |
| BIO_SC 2200 | 4 | BIO_SC 2300 | 4 |
| STAT 1200 | 3 | MATH 1400 | 3 |
| Second Language or Second Language Alternative | 3-4 | Second Language or Second Language Alternative | 3-4 |
| Elective | 3 | ||
| 14-15 | 16-17 | ||
| Third Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| Biology Elective Lab (3000 level) | 5 | PHYSCS 1210 | 4 |
| CHEM 2110 | 3 | Biology Elective | 3 |
| CHEM 2130 | 2 | Behavioral Science | 3 |
| Second Language or Second Language Alternative | 3-4 | Humanities (2000 level) | 3 |
| Elective | 3 | ||
| 16-17 | 13 | ||
| Fourth Year | |||
| Fall | Credits | Spring | Credits |
| Biology Capstone | 3 | Biology Elective- Writing Intensive | 3 |
| PHYSCS 1220 | 4 | Evolutionary Biology | 3 |
| Social Science (2000 level) | 3 | Biology Diversity | 4 |
| Humanities | 3 | Elective/FLA | 3 |
| Writing Intensive Elective | 3 | Humanities | 3 |
| 16 | 16 | ||
| Total Credits: 120-124 | |||
- **
Could meet A&S Diversity Intensive Requirement (3 hrs).
Degree Audit
The degree audit is an automated report reflecting a student’s academic progress toward the completion of a degree.
MU students can request a degree audit by logging in to myDegreePlanner. Students may also access myDegreePlanner via myZou, in the Student Center, click on the Academic Progress Tile, then select Request Degree Audit. The audit automatically pulls in the student’s MU course work, transfer courses and courses in progress. This is available to current students, admitted students, and those who last attended less than three terms ago.
Past MU students can request a degree audit by contacting the Academic Advising Unit of the division in which they were last enrolled at MU. For contact information, go to https://advising.missouri.edu/contact/.
Prospective students, can access a preliminary MU degree audit via https://www.transferology.com. Information on the college credits already earned will have to be manually entered before it can be evaluated against current degree requirements.
For additional details on degree audits, go to https://registrar.missouri.edu/degrees-audits/degree-audits/.
Major and Career Exploration
The University of Missouri has many resources to assist you in exploring majors and career possibilities. For guidance, visit the Majors and Careers website or view specific resources below.
-
If you are considering a change of major or are exploring multiple majors, schedule an appointment with an advisor in the Discovery Center by calling (573)884-9700 or through MU Connect Discovery Center service in you success network.
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If you have decided on a major, visit an academic advisor in the School or College that you are interested in to discuss the process of declaring the major.
- If you would like to learn more about your career interests, abilities, values and talents, visit the MU Career Center. No Appointment is necessary to explore career options with one of our staff members.
- If you would like information about MU majors and degree programs, visit:
- the Degrees, Majors (Degree Programs), Emphasis Areas, Minors and Certificates page in the catalog,
- the MU Majors website.
For additional major and career exploration resources, visit Major & Career Exploration in the catalog.